Nutrition is key to both cardiovascular prevention and enhancing performance. Read on for strategies to optimize performance and recovery.
When in training, you’re burning more calories than usual, which often means increased hunger. You’ll need to consume more calories to stay healthy, prepare for longer runs and replenish post-run. To get enough calories and keep your muscles fueled, you may need to eat three meals and three snacks a day, but this all depends on personal preference. Make sure those extra calories come from heart-healthy choices.
Breakfast
- Eating a healthy breakfast can help you focus longer and feel better throughout the day.
- Nutrient-dense foods such as oatmeal with fruits and nuts, cereal, 100% whole wheat toast, egg whites and real fruit smoothies are all good choices.
- Choose low-fat options (limiting saturated and trans fats) and low-sugar options (real fruit juice vs. artificially flavored juice with added sugar).
Smart snacking
- Combine two food groups to increase variety. Including a source of protein, such as nuts, can help you feel satisfied longer. Foods high in fiber will keep your digestive system working well.
- Fruits, vegetables, oats and whole grains are all great options. Whole grains, such as brown bread or rice, will continue to fuel your body for hours.
- White bread and highly processed foods will break down too quickly—giving your body a quick sugar rush and dragging your energy down again.
Meal options
Your body needs a wide variety of foods for optimal performance and heart health. Using the plate method is one way to plan healthful meals. Simply divide your plate into quarters and fill one-half with a variety of colorful vegetables and fruit, one-quarter with whole grains and one-quarter with lean protein. Add a couple servings of dairy foods each day and include healthy fats to round out your meals. Choose from these options:
- Fruits and vegetables provide a wide variety of nutrients. Many are high in potassium, magnesium and some calcium to help prevent leg cramps. These include bananas, sweet potatoes, avocado, melon, orange juice, dark leafy greens and tomatoes.
- Whole grains (brown rice, quinoa and whole-wheat pasta), beans and breads made with whole grains are good sources of fiber and energy.
- Fish, poultry and lean meats provide protein needed to build muscle.
- Dairy foods (yogurt, milk and cheese) are great sources of calcium for strong bones. Choose low-fat options.
- Nuts, seeds and avocado are good sources of heart-healthy fats.
Timing
When you eat can affect how you feel during exercise and how you perform. Time your meal or snack (and the size of it) based on the time of day you plan to exercise. In general, it’s a good idea to have about 100 to 300 calories of carbohydrate-rich foods in your body before exercise, depending on the type or amount of exercise you plan to do.
Allow 3 to 4 hours for a large meal to digest, 2 to 3 hours for a smaller meal and less than an hour for a small snack, as tolerated. For example, if you work out in the morning, you may want to eat a light snack or breakfast (e.g., a banana, cereal or both). If you work out in the afternoon, you may want to eat a light lunch (e.g., a sandwich or soup). If you work out in the evening, you may want to have a snack before your workout, such as an energy bar, yogurt or fruit.
To stay well hydrated, drink 16 ounces of fluids 2 to 3 hours before exercise and 8 to 16 ounces just before if you are thirsty. Drink water after your workout to replace lost fluids. If you are exercising for more than 60 to 90 minutes, sip a sports drink.
Post-run recovery
For post-run recovery, restore fluids and electrolytes. Consume carbohydrate- and protein-rich snacks within 30 to 60 minutes of the race. This could include a banana with peanut butter and milk, cottage cheese and fruit or yogurt with fruit and granola. Follow your recovery snack with meals that contain whole grains, lean protein and healthy fats, such as grilled chicken with a small baked potato topped with plain yogurt and green beans. Drink plenty of fluids.
Recovery takes between 24 and 48 hours to replenish muscle glycogen stores and enhance future exercise performance. To stay in top condition, make heart-healthy food choices ongoing throughout training and competition.
