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Heart Attack & Intervention

Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation researchers pioneered the standard for heart attack care with the Level One Program, ensuring patients receive lifesaving care no matter where they live. Ongoing research continues to advance prevention, care and outcomes for patients around the world. 

women having heart pain

Signs of a Heart Attack

A heart attack happens when blood flow to part of the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot forming on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery. This cuts off oxygen and can quickly damage heart muscle, which is why calling 911 right away if you notice warning signs—such as chest pressure or pain, shortness of breath, or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, arms, or stomach—is critical. Heart attack symptoms can be very different for women and may lack severe chest pain and present instead with subtle signs like extreme fatigue and nausea. 

Many heart attacks occur in people who did not know they had heart disease, so managing blood pressure and cholesterol, staying active, not smoking, and working with your care team to understand your personal risk can all help protect your heart.

doctor with patient

Innovations in Heart Attack & Interventions

Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation conducts Interventional and Heart Attack research that has resulted in improvements for patients across the world. The standard of care for heart attack patients has forever changed thanks to research. Examples Include:

  • Research on all of the FDA-approved Stents that are now available
  • Intra Coronary Devices used in cardiac imaging that project images from inside the heart vessel
  • Vascular closure devices that are utilized for the majority of the femoral procedures (accessing the heart through a vessel in the groin)

These practices are evidence-based medicine that's making life-changing differences in the care of patients. 

Helipad landing at Abbot

Level One Program

The Level One Heart Attack Program is a pioneering protocol developed by MHIF  to ensure that heart attack patients across Minnesota receive rapid, expert care 24/7, no matter where they live. Built on research, the program connects dozens of community hospitals, emergency medical service (EMS) teams, and Abbott Northwestern Hospital in a coordinated network designed to get a blocked artery open as quickly and safely as possible. This model has become a national “gold standard” for how heart attacks should be diagnosed and treated urgently no matter where a patient lives.

When a heart attack is suspected, EMS and regional hospital teams use standardized Level One protocols to quickly diagnose the problem, activate a specialized care team, and transport the patient directly to a cardiac catheterization lab at Abbott Northwestern when needed. This approach has dramatically reduced treatment times, improved survival, and lowered complication rates for thousands of patients treated through the program since it began in 2003. MHIF’s research continuously evaluates outcomes and refines these protocols, helping to advance heart attack care not just locally, but around the world.

a diagram of a heart and the coronary artery

How Coronary Artery Disease Relates

Coronary artery disease is the most common underlying cause of heart attacks because it slowly narrows or blocks the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Over time, fatty deposits called plaque build up inside these coronary arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis, which restricts blood flow and can cause chest pain (angina) when the heart is working harder. 

A heart attack happens when one of these plaques suddenly ruptures, triggering a blood clot that completely blocks the artery so oxygen-rich blood can no longer reach part of the heart. Without quick treatment to restore blood flow, that part of the heart muscle begins to die, which is why managing coronary artery disease and its risk factors—like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and inactivity—is critical for preventing heart attacks.

Heart Attack Research Publications

MHIF has authored hundreds of papers and presents frequently at national and international conferences.

Jim Lamont and physician

Hear From Our Patients

“The doctors, nurses, and technicians have the process down to a science. I’m never waiting."

—Jim Lamont, Heart Attack

Meet Our Team

Stethoscope

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Keep up to date on MHIF news, events and the latest information on heart disease treatment and prevention.

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