How do GLP-1 medications impact heart health?

GLP-1 Explained

GLP-1 medications have increased in popularity in recent years. In fact, according to a recent survey, one in five women between the ages of 50 and 64 have taken a GLP-1 medication. GLP-1’s work by mimicking an already existing hormone in the human body, glucagon-like peptide-1, which helps regulate our appetite and blood sugar levels. The medications are made up of different active ingredients and sold by names such as semaglutide (e.g. Ozempic, Wegovy), tirzepatide (e.g. Mounjaro), or dulaglutide (e.g. Trulicity). Dr. Michael Miedema, Director of the Nolan Family Center for Cardiovascular Health at MHIF, explains GLP-1 medications and some common misunderstandings in this short video:  

Benefits to the Heart

Research has found that people taking GLP-1 medications to treat diabetes, overweight, or obesity have fewer major cardiovascular events, like heart attack or stroke, compared to people not taking GLP-1 medications. In fact, the American College of Cardiology now recommends GLP-1 drugs as a way to reduce cardiovascular disease risk through weight loss. When weight decreases, so does blood pressure, inflammation, LDL (bad) cholesterol, and triglycerides, and protective factors like good (HDL) cholesterol increase. In other words, overweight or obese individuals who are prescribed a GLP-1 for weight loss may experience positive changes to their heart health, especially if they are at risk of heart disease. 

Breaking down GLP-1 Medications for Heart Health

Recent studies help compare and contrast the effectiveness of GLP-1 medications and their cardiovascular outcomes. For example, Semaglutide (Wegovy) lowered the risk of heart events in people who are overweight or obese without diabetes. Tirzepatide may help people with obesity lose more weight, but it might not protect the heart as well. For people with diabetes, Tirzepatide and Dulaglutide have both shown positive heart outcomes, but Tirzepatide may offer more overall benefits, especially for those who also have other conditions like heart failure or kidney disease.

What’s Next

Scientists are learning more about GLP-1 medications every day! Beyond blood sugar and weight management, emerging research has shown GLP-1’s may be beneficial in treating liver disease, pancreatitis, sleep apnea, kidney disease, and even polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women. 

GLP-1’s deserve careful consideration by both patients and healthcare providers as they may not be recommended for certain individuals. Discuss your medical history, health goals, and insurance coverage with your provider to determine the best option for you. You’re already on the right track by prioritizing your heart health! You can read more about GLP-1’s in this blog post.