Cardiovascular Grand Rounds
Putting Research Into Practice
Our Cardiovascular Grand Rounds offers physicians and other health care providers the opportunity to review and discuss the latest developments in cardiovascular care. These weekly meetings feature topics from many cardiac specialty areas, including: structural heart disease, heart failure, electrophysiology, cardiovascular imaging, interventional cardiology, cardiovascular disease prevention, cardiothoracic surgery, and vascular/endovascular. Practitioners share research highlights, offer treatment or diagnostic best practices, and collaborate to improve care for those with cardiovascular disease.
Join us for our fall Grand Rounds session!
When
Mondays from 7 – 8 a.m.
(No meetings held from Memorial Day through Labor Day)
Where
Minneapolis Heart Institute Building
Suite 100, Learning Center
- Tricuspid Valve Management (Flier)
Paul Sorajja, MD
Director, Center for Valve and Structural Heart Disease
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalJohn Zakaib, MD
Electrophysiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Case Carousel with the Chief Fellows (Flier)
Jared Routh, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin HealthcareIulia Tulai, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin HealthcareJonathan Urbach, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - Hemodynamics
Daniel Burkhoff, MD, PhD
Director, Heart Failure, Hemodynamics and MCS Research
Cardiovascular Research Foundation
New York, NY - Cardio-Pregnancy Program
Retu Saxena, MD, FACC
Co Director Cardio Obstetric Program
Senior Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
President-elect MN ACC chapter - Management of superficial venous disease
Elliot Stephenson, MD
Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Non-invasive Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Trials, Tribulations and Transformations (Flier)
David E Newby, BA, BSc (Hons), PhD, BM, DM, DSc, FRSE, FESC, FACC, FMedSci
British Heart Foundation Duke of Edinburgh Chair of Cardiology
Director of Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility
Director of Edinburgh Imaging
Consultant Interventional Cardiologist
University of Edinburgh - Spring Conference Showcase
TBD
- No Grand Rounds–ACC Scientific Session & Expo
Washington, DC
- Overview of the 2021 Coronary Revascularization Guidelines: What the Clinician Needs to Know (Flier)
Madeline Mahowald, MD
Interventional Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Burchell Lecture: New Heart Failure Guidelines
Clyde W. Yancy, MD, MSc, MACC, FAHA, MACP, FHFSA
Vice Dean, Diversity & Inclusion
Magerstadt Professor of Medicine
Professor of Medical Social Sciences
Chief, Division of Cardiology
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
Associate Director, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Deputy Editor, JAMA Cardiology
February 7, 2022
February 14, 2022
February 28, 2022
March 7, 2022
March 14, 2022
March 21, 2022
March 28, 2022
April 4, 2022
April 11, 2022
April 18, 2022
Both Mac and PC users should be able to access MP4s. If you have any feedback about accessing recordings, please email grandrounds@mhif.org.
- Burnout: A Barrier to Clinician Wellbeing (Flier)
Laxmi Mehta, MD, FACC, FAHA, FNLA
Vice Chair of Wellness, Department of Internal Medicine
Section Director of Preventative Cardiology & Women’s Cardiovascular Health
Professor of Medicine
The Ohio State University - Myocardial fibrosis as a therapeutic target (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Erik Schelbert, MD, MS
Physician, Noninvasive Cardiology
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at United Hospital - Antithrombotic Therapies in Stable PAD and Post-Revascularization (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Nedaa Skeik, MD, FACC, FACP, FSVM, RPVI
Professor of Medicine
Section Head, Vascular Medicine
Medical Director, Thrombophilia & Anticoagulation Clinic
Medical Director, Vein Center
Medical Director, Vascular Laboratories
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Stratified Medicine in Chest Pain Syndromes (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Colin Berry, BSC, MBChB, PhD
Professor of Cardiology and Imaging
Director, British Heart Foundation Research Centre of Excellence
Director of Research, NHS Golden Jubilee Hospital
Honorary Consultant Cardiologist
University of Glasgow - Finding the “Sweet Spot” in Prescribing SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Paige Skelton, PharmD, BCCP
Pharmacist Clinical Specialist Senior – Advanced Heart Failure Ambulatory Care
Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Effect of sleep-disordered breathing on cardiovascular health (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Kevin Grullon, MD
Director of Sleep Services, Minnesota Lung Center
Pulmonary Medicine, Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Fall Conference Showcase (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Clinical characteristics and changes in clinical outcomes for patients enrolled in a non-academic multidisciplinary cardio-obstetrics program
Kirsten Shaw, MD, Chief Resident, Abbott Northwestern HospitalAdverse Events Associated with AV Node Ablation in Patients with an Implanted Leadless Pacemaker
Robert Hauser, MD, Investigator, Heart Rhythm Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationUse of Mechanical Circulatory Support in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS-CTO Registry
Judit Karacsonyi, MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationHALT: Long-Term Clinical Impact of Hypoattenuating Leaflet Thickening After TAVR
Santiago Garcia, MD, Director, TAVR and Adult Congenital Structural Program,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalDeformation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prostheses: Implications for Hypo-Attenuating Leaflet Thickening
Miho Fukui, MD, Research Scholar, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation - New Horizons in the Genetics of Cardiomyopathies (Flier) (Recording)
Perry Elliott, MD, FRCP, FACC, FESC
Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine
Director UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences
University College London - A Unique Resource: Jesse E Edwards Registry of Cardiovascular Disease (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Shannon Mackey-Bojack, MD
Cardiovascular Pathologist
Medical Director
Jesse Edwards Registry of Cardiovascular Disease - Becoming Antiracist: Strategies for Health Care Organizations — no recording or slides (Flier)
Brooke A. Cunningham, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
University of Minnesota Medical School - Kevin Graham Prevention Lecture – The Evolution of the ABCs of Primary & Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC, FAHA
The Kenneth Jay Pollin Professor of Cardiology
Director, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, MD - Serious Illness Conversations – Note that a link to handouts is available on the last page of the slides link. (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Jan Richardson, MD
Internist
Physician Lead, Serious Illness Care Program
Allina HealthEmily Downing, MD
System Clinical Officer: Population Health, Home Care Services, Health Equity
Allina Health - Radial vs Femoral Access for Cath/PCI and Update from the North American COVID-19 Registry (NACMI) (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
M. Nicholas Burke, MD
Interventional Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalMario Goessl, MD, PhD
Interventional Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalSantiago Garcia, MD
Director, TAVR and Adult Congenital Structural Program
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Electrical Dyssynchrony and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Alan J. Bank, MD
Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at United Hospital
Associate Professor of Cardiology
Associate Member, Graduate Faculty, Biomedical Engineering
University of Minnesota - Cardiovascular Telemedicine: The MHI TeleHeart Program (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Marc Newell, MD, FACC, FSCCT
Vice President of Operations
Medical Director, MHI TeleHeart Program
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalJoshua Buckler, MD, FACC
Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Demonstrating the Value of Imaging: the Role of Outcomes Research and Big Data in Cardiac Imaging (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Jordan B. Strom, MD, MSc, FACC, FASE
Director of Echocardiographic Research,
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center;
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA - Mechanical Circulatory Support in the Cath Lab: Where Are We Now? (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Raviteja Guddeti, MD
Interventional Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Spring Conference Showcase (Flier) (Recording)
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)-A “real-world” look at how best practices are used from the voice of the patient
Courtney Jordan Baechler, MD, MS, Medical Director, Emerging Science Centers
Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationMatching Implantable Defibrillator Longevity with Patient Survival: Clinical and Economic Significance of New Battery Technologies
Christopher Gitter, BS, Clinical Research Associate, Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationImpact of a Multidisciplinary Acute Aortic Dissection Program: Improved Outcomes with a Comprehensive Initial Surgical Repair Strategy
Jesse Manunga, MD, FACS, FSVS, Vascular & Endovascular Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital1) ST-segment election myocardial infarction in young and very young patients: Incidence and outcomes from the Midwest STEMI Consortium and
2) Treatment patterns and outcomes of bifurcation lesions: First results from the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Bifurcation Lesions Interventions (PROGRESS-BIFURCATION)
Ilias Nikolakopoulos, MD, Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation1) Is it safe to discharge patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and long QTc interval? and
2) Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention during COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry
Evangelia Vemmou, MD, Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation - A 2021 Update on Post PCI Antithrombotic Therapy (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Yashasvi Chugh, MD
Interventional Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Sports Cardiology 2021: Past Progress & Future Challenges (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Aaron Baggish, MD
Director, Cardiovascular Performance Program
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA - TAVR in TAVR, the future is here! (Flier) (Slides)
Muhammad Hammadah, MD
Structural Heart Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Burchell Lecture: Cardiac Amyloidosis: Transition from rare, underdiagnosed and untreatable to an increasingly and easily recognized and treatable disorder (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Mathew S. Maurer, MD
Professor of Medicine
Arnold and Arelene Goldstein Professor of Cardiology
Director, Cardiac Amyloidosis Program
Director, Clinical Cardiovascular Research Laboratory for the Elderly
Columbia University, New York, NY - A 2021 Cardiovascular Prevention Update (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Courtney Jordan Baechler, MD, MS
Medical Director, Emerging Science Centers, Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationThomas Knickelbine, MD, FACC, FSCAI, FSCCT
Director, Lipid Research, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalMichael Miedema, MD, MPH
Director, Nolan Family Center for Cardiovascular Health, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
Director of Cardiovascular Prevention, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalElizabeth Tuohy, MD
Preventive Cardiologist
Medical Director-Heart Disease Prevention Clinic, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at United Hospital - Novel Coronary Interventions on the Horizon: Stents, Balloons and Lithotripsy (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Dean J. Kereiakes, MD
President, The Heart and Vascular Center at The Christ Hospital
Medical Director, The Christ Hospital Research Institute
Professor of Clinical Medicine, The Ohio State University - Frankenstein comes to Abbott: an updated heart transplant talk (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Bassam Shukrallah, MD
Cardiac Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalKarol Mudy, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Senthil Jayarajan, MD, MS
Vascular Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - The Cardiovascular Quality Improvement and Care Innovation Consortium (CV-QUIC): Inception of a Multicenter Collaborative to Improve Cardiovascular Care (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHA
Senior Consulting Cardiologist
Associate Director, Healthcare Delivery Innovation Center
Medical Director, Inpatient Services
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Associate Editor, JAMA Network Open - Antiarrhythmic Therapy Clinical Scenarios and Quirks! (Flier) (Recording)
Charles Gornick, MD
Senior Consulting Cardiologist and Cardiac Electrophysiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Adult Congenital Heart Disease Intervention: Focus on the Right Side (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
B Kelly Han, MD
Pediatric Cardiologist
Director of Advanced Congenital Cardiac Imaging at the Minneapolis Heart Institute® and Children’s Heart Clinic at Minnesota Children’s Hospital MinneapolisSantiago Garcia, MD
Director, TAVR and Adult Congenital Structural Program
Valve Science Center
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalKarol Mudy, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - COVID‐19 & Cardiovascular Disease (Flier) (Recording)
Michael Hart, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - 2020 Electrophysiology Review for the non-EP (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Kristopher Krueger, MD, PhD
Electrophysiology Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Supplement Soup: Sifting Through Herbal Medicines, THC/CBD and Cardiac Medications (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Paige Skelton, PharmD, BCCP
Pharmacist Clinical Specialist Senior – Advanced Heart Failure Ambulatory Care
Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Adult Presentation of Congenital Heart Disease (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Christina Thaler, MD, PhD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - Journey with Transcatheter Valves (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Vinayak Nilkanth Bapat
Chief of Cardiac Surgery
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Professor of Cardiac Surgery
Columbia University (New York) and Guys and St. Thomas’ Hospital (London) - Why, When and How to Refer a Patient to Palliative Medicine (Flier) (Recording)
Leslie Macho, CNP, RNFA, CCRN, CNOR
Nurse Practitioner, Palliative Care
Abbott Northwestern Hospital - ECMO Management of Amniotic Fluid Embolism (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Jonathan Urbach, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - Carotid Artery Disease…(Almost) Everything I Need to Know for 2021 (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Jeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACS
Chair, Vascular Surgery
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Trouble in Thin Air: In-Flight Medical Emergencies (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Jared M Routh, MD
Cardiovascular Diseases Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - CT imaging of coronary artery plaque: Substrate-based approach to coronary artery disease (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Victor Cheng, MD
Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - No Meeting–
AHA Scientific Sessions
- AHA Preview (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Contemporary In-Hospital Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions: Update from the PROGRESS-CTO Multicenter International Registry and
Outcomes of Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and History of Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Judit Karacsonyi, MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Radial Versus Femoral Access For Coronary Procedures In Patients With Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: An Updated Study-level Meta-analysis
Ilias Nikolakopoulos, MD, Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Predicted Versus Observed 10-year Cardiovascular Event Rates in a Rural Population-based Health Program: The Heart of New Ulm Project
Angela Phillips, DO, Resident Physician, Abbott Northwestern HospitalThe Rate of Incomplete Revascularization Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Has Increased Over Time
Chase Soukup, BS, Former Summer Research Intern, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Learning and Innovation Among Interventional Cardiologists, Insights From an International Survey
Evangelia Vemmou, MD, Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation® - Cardiogenic Shock- New Criteria from Heart Failure and Interventional Viewpoints (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Kasia Hryniewicz, MD
Advanced Heart Failure Cardiologist
Medical Director VA ECMO
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalIvan Chavez, MD
Interventional Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalYale Wang, MD
Interventional Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Equity in Cardiovascular Health Outcomes—Facts, Figures, and MHI Strategies to Close the Gap (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Courtney Jordan Baechler, MD
Medical Director
Emerging Science Centers, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®
Preventative Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalMosi Bennett, MD, PhD
Senior Consulting Cardiologist, Advanced Heart Failure
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalMario Gössl, MD, PhD
Director of Research & Education of the Center for Valve & Structural Heart Disease
Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation® - Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Applications for the Cardiologist (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Brandon M. Wiley, MD, FACC, FASE
Co-Director Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Mitral valve prolapse – when does it stop being benign? (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Iulia Tulai, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - Venous Insufficiency Between Diagnosis, Management and Outcome (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Nedaa Skeik, MD, FACC, FACP, FSVM, RPVI
Section Head, Vascular Medicine
Medical Director, Thrombophilia & Anticoagulation Clinic
Medical Director, Vein Center
Medical Director, Vascular Laboratories
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Associate Professor of Medicine - Updates on Cardiac MRI: From Diagnostic to a Decision-Making Tool (Flier) (Recording)
João Cavalcante, MD
Director of Cardiac MRI and Structural CT Labs
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - The Powerful Influence of Microvascular Obstruction (MVO) in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Jay Traverse, MD
Director of Research, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of MN School of Medicine
Investigator, Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network - The Conundrum of Functional Mitral Regurgitation (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, MD
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Senior Scientist, Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation - Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Agents: How Low Can We Go? (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
JoEllyn Moore, MD
Senior Consulting Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalNedaa Skeik, MD
Section Head, Vascular Medicine
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalMario Gössl, MD, PhD
Director of Research & Education of the Center for Valve & Structural Heart Disease
Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®
Director of the Watchman LAAC program
Program Director of the Interventional Cardiology & Advanced Adult Structural
& Congenital Heart Disease Interventions Fellowship
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Complete Revascularization in Patients with Multi-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: Is the Story COMPLETE? (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Mohamed A Omer, MD, MSc
Interventional Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Spotlight on National COVID-19 CV Registries: NACMI & AHA’s COVID-19 CVD Registry (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Santiago Garcia, MD
Interventional Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalSteven Bradley, MD, MPH
Senior Consulting Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Pulmonary Hypertension: Guideline and Research Update (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Eric R. Fenstad, MD
General Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® – Baxter - Vascular brachytherapy, the rise of the Phoenix (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Michael S. Megaly, MD – Fellow
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital &
Hennepin Healthcare - Mitral Valve Surgery (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Robert J Steffen, MD
Cardiac Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - SPECIAL PRESENTATION – A Perspective on the Chinese Experience with COVID-19 (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Yu Du, MD
Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
Research Scholar for the Valve Science Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®
Hometown: Enshi, Hubei Province, 500 kilometers from Wuhan - ACC Preview–CANCELED DUE TO COVID-19 (Flier)
Long-term outcomes after emergency revascularization for spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Christina Thaler, MD
Cardiology Fellow- Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical CenterIntravascular ultrasound use for stent optimization and 1-year outcomes in patients undergoing CTO-PCI: Insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry
Evangelia Vemmou, MD
Research Scholar, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Mitral valve prolapse: when does it stop being benign?
Iulia Tulai, MD
Cardiology Fellow- Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical CenterClinical characteristics and outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest
Mohamed Omer, MD
Interventional Cardiology Fellow- Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
- VA-ECMO and ECPR in Adults (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Michael Hart, MD – Fellow
Cardiology Fellow,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital &
Hennepin Healthcare - Adjuncts during F-BEVAR: upper extremity access and future directions (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Aleem Mirza, MD
Vascular Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Therapies for Pulmonary Embolism (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Benjamin Sun, MD
Co Chair, Cardiothoracic Surgery
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Diagnosis and Management of Pericarditis (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
David Lin, MD
Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Robert Fraser, MD – Fellow
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical Center - Rethinking Myocardial Imaging: From Biology to Outcomes (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
James Moon, MD
Professor of Cardiology,
University College London
Clinical Director of Imaging,
Barts Heart Centre - Heart in a Box (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Karol Mudy, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Cardiologist,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalBassam Shukrallah, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Cardiologist,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Does Mind Matter? (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Kristin Hjartardottir, DNP
Psychiatry, Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Update of Tricuspid Regurgitation: Evaluation and Treatment (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Anene Ukaigwe, MB, BS
Structural Heart Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Non-Atherosclerotic Vasculopathies (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
Nedaa Skeik, MD, FACC, FACP, FSVM
Section Head, Vascular Medicine
Medical Director, Vein Center
Medical Director, Anticoagulation and Thrombophilia Clinic
Medical Director, Vascular Lab
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Overview of the Cardiopregnancy Program at ANW Hospital: A Multidisciplinary Program for the Management of Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease in Pregnancy (Flier) (Slides) (Recording)
William Wagner, MD
Co-Director OB Critical Care Program, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Co-Lead, Cardiopregnancy ProgramRetu Saxena, MD
Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalKarol Mudy, MD
Thoracic Surgeon, Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Cardiac Contractility Modulation (Slides) (Recording)
Michael A. Samara, MD
Researcher, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Cardiac CT: An Update (Slides) (Recording)
Marc C. Newell, MD, FACC, FSCCT
Chief of Clinical Cardiology
VP of Operations
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Unraveling an Enigma (Slides) (Recording)
Christina Thaler, MD, PhD
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital &
Hennepin Healthcare - AHA Previews (Slides) (Recording)
Circadian Dependence of Microvascular Obstruction in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Nicole Bonfig, BS, Research Assistant, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Impact of Left Atrial Pressure on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Mitraclip Therapy
Hiroki Niikura, MD, Research Scholar, Valve Science Center Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®A Phase 1, First-in-man Trial of Percutaneous Delivery of a Porcine-derived Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Following St-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Jay Traverse, MD, Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute®, Abbott Northwestern HospitalTemporal Changes of Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights from PRESERVE-EF
Iosif Xenogiannis, MD, Research Scholar, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation® - Cardiovascular Risk Reduction and the Role of New Antidiabetic Pharmacotherapies (Slides) (Recording)
Michael Miedema, MD, MPH
Research Cardiologist at the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®
Director, Preventive Cardiology, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalMatthew Lillyblad, PharmD, BCPS, AQ-Cardiology
PGY2 Cardiology Residency Program Director, Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Pharmacy Coordinator for Cardiology and Critical Care, Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Kevin Graham Prevention Lecture – Food is Medicine: Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiometabolic Health (Slides) (Recording)
Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH
Dean, Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy
Tufts University
Boston, MA - Provider Wellness and Burnout; How to Boil a Frog (Slides) (Recording)
Michele LeClaire, MD
Pulmonologist, Hennepin Healthcare - Engaging MHIF Research: Structural Heart, Electrophysiology and Complex Coronary Artery Disease (Slides) (Recording)
Current CCAD Studies
Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD
Director, Center for Complex Coronary Artery Disease,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Adjunct Professor of Medicine,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolCardiac Electrophysiology Beyond Tomorrow
Jay Sengupta, MD
Cardiac Electrophysiologist
Director, Genetic Arrhythmia Center
Director, Electrophysiology Research
Co-director, Cardiac Device Clinic
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalStructural Heart Update 2019
Paul Sorajja, MD
Roger L. and Lynn C. Headrick Family Chair for Valve Science Research, Valve Science Center at Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
Director, Center of Valve and Structural Heart Disease, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Synchronicity, opportunity and the evolution of carotid artery intervention (Slides) (Recording)
Timothy Sullivan, MD
Chair, Vascular/Endovascular Surgery
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Taming The Dragon: Management Options for Opioid Use Disorder (Slides) (Recording)
Katherine G. Katzung, MD
Chair, Abbott Northwestern Emergency Department
Director, Addiction & Toxicology, Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Assistant Medical Director, Mission Detox Center, Plymouth, MN
Consultant, Minnesota Regional Poison Center
Emergency Care Consultants at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Renal Denervation Update 2019 (Slides) (Recording)
Yale Wang, MD, FACC, FSCAI
Senior Consulting Cardiologist, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Researcher, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation® - Left atrial appendage closure for atrial fibrillation patients: updates on surgical and transcatheter device options (Slides) (Recording)
Jacqueline Saw, MD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI
Clinical Professor
Vancouver General Hospital - Health Care Disparities in Structural Heart Disease – TVINCITIES Update (Slides) (Recording)
Mario Gössl, MD, PhD
Director of Research & Education of the Center for Valve & Structural Heart Disease
Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®
Director of the Watchman LAAC program
Program Director of the Interventional Cardiology & Advanced Adult Structural
& Congenital Heart Disease Interventions Fellowship
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Critical limb ischemia (CLI): Advances and our experience at the Minneapolis Heart Institute (Slides) (Recording)
Joseph Karam, MD, RPVI
Vascular Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Drug-coated balloons: the missing piece in the puzzle **The Q&A session did not record** (Slides) (Recording)
Michael S. Megaly, MD, MS
Cardiovascular Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare - Atrial Fibrillation – Shifting the Paradigm (Slides) (Recording)
Joshua M. Buckler, MD, FACC, FAHA
Consulting Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Case Carousel: Troponinitis (Slides) (Recording)
Robert Fraser, MD
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical Center - Multimodality Imaging for Valvular Disease – In Whom, When and Why? (note, slight interference in recording audio) (Slides) (Recording)
João L. Cavalcante, MD, FACC, FSCMR, FSCCT
Director, Cardiac MRI and Structural CT
Director, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Lab
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Update on Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Slides) (Recording)
Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD
Director, Center for Complex Coronary Artery Disease,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Adjunct Professor of Medicine,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School - Burchell Lecture: Ventricular Unloading: State of the Art and Future Directions (Slides) (Recording)
Navin K. Kapur, MD, FAHA, FACC, FSCAI
Executive Director, The CardioVascular Center for Research and Innovation (CVCRI)
Director, Acute Circulatory Support Program
Director, Interventional Research Laboratories
Investigator, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute
Associate Professor, Dept of Medicine/Division of Cardiology
Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA - What William Shakespeare can teach us about the practice of medicine (Slides) (Recording)
Tod J. Worner, MD
Internal Medicine Physician & Director of Outpatient Resident Education,
Abbott Northwestern General Medical Associates
Adjunct Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Minnesota Medical School
Adjunct Assistant Professor, St. John’s University - Case Carousel – Dilemmas (Slides) (Recording)
Moses Wananu, MD
Cardiovascular Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical Center - 2019 ACC Scientific Session Previews–**Recording has no audio 12:30-21:53** (Slides) (Recording)
Causes of Death in Patients with Severe Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis under Active Surveillance
Santiago Garcia, MD, Staff Interventional Cardiologist
Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern HospitalShort-Circuiting and Oversensing Due to Internal Insulation Breaches in an ICD Lead with Redundant Conductors: Implications For Patient Safety and Management
Moses K. Wananu, MD, Cardiology Fellow Minneapolis Heart Institute®, Abbott Northwestern HospitalContemporary Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Update from the PROGRESS CTO Registry
Iosif Xenogiannis, MD, Research Scholar, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®A Novel Method of Non-Invasive Screening For Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Aisha K. Ahmed, BS, Valve Science Center Intern, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Transcatheter Therapy of Residual Mitral Regurgitation After MitraClip Therapy
Hiroki Niikura, MD, Research Scholar, Valve Science Center Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Adverse Outcomes After Acute Aortic Dissection Are Preceded by Changes in Novel Aortic Constant on Serial Imaging
Amit Sharma, MD, Cardiology Fellow Minneapolis Heart Institute®, Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MNPredictors of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Utilization in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Miranda Kunz, MPH, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation® - Unconscious bias and its impact on Healthcare Culture and Delivery (Slides) (Recording)
Dana Telem, MD, MPH
Associate Chair for Clinical Affairs
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Michigan - Left atrial appendage closure for atrial fibrillation patients: updates on surgical and transcatheter device options –RESCHEDULED TO SEPT 16, 2019
Jacqueline Saw, MD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI
Clinical Professor
Vancouver General Hospital - From sternotomy to thoracotomy: The evolving minimally invasive procedures in cardiac surgery (Slides) (Recording)
Bassam Shukrallah, MD
Cardiac Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Surgical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Slides) (Recording)
Robert J Steffen, MD
Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - A promising therapy in resuscitation: head up cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Slides) (Recording)
Johanna C Moore, MD, MS
Faculty Physician and Directory of Laboratory Research
Department of Emergency Medicine
Hennepin HealthcareAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School - Update on Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention – CANCELLED DUE TO WEATHER
Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD
Director, Center for Complex Coronary Artery Disease,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Adjunct Professor of Medicine,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School - Global CVD Prevention: The Legs As a Window to the Heart (Slides) (Recording)
Jeremy R. Van’t Hof, MD
Cardiovascular Fellow
University of Minnesota - Current concepts in atrial fibrillation (Slides) (Recording)
Daniel Melby, MD
Cardiac Electrophysiologist
Medical Director, Electrophysiology Lab
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital**Note on the recording: slides are visible starting at 4:40**
- Expanding indications for acute stroke intervention (Slides) (Recording)
Yasha Kayan, MD
Neurointerventional Radiology Section Lead
Consulting Radiologists Ltd - The intersection of heart failure and structural cardiology (Slides) (Recording)
Peter Eckman, MD, FACC, FHFSA
Section Head, Advanced Heart Failure,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern HospitalPaul Sorajja, MD
Director, Center for Valve and Structural Heart Disease
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - A 2018 cardiovascular prevention update (Slides) (Recording)
Michael D. Miedema, MD, MPH
Director of Cardiovascular Prevention
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Daring to be different in STEMI management – the importance of giving ‘door-to-unload’ a chance (Slides) (Recording)
Allison Hall, MD
Interventional Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - An approach to time management (Slides) (Recording)
Emmanouil S. Brilakis, MD, PhD
Director, Center for Complex Coronary Artery Disease,
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Adjunct Professor of Medicine,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School - 2018 AHA Scientific Sessions PREVIEW (Slides) (Recording)
Statin Eligibility and Prevalence of Statin Prescriptions According to the 2013 American College of Cardiology – American Heart Association Cholesterol Guidelines in a Large Multi-Center Healthcare System
Joseph C. Jensen, MD, Internal Medicine Resident Physician, Abbott Northwestern HospitalContemporary Outcomes of the Retrograde Approach to Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions: Insights from the PROGRESS SCTO (PROspective Global RegiStry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention) International Registry
Peter Tajti, MD, Postgraduate Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Application of the Hybrid Approach to Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusions: Update from the PROGRESS CTO International Registry
Peter Tajti, MD, Postgraduate Research Fellow, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Impact of Concomitant Treatment of Non-Chronic Total Occlusion Lesions at the Time of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS SCTO International Registry
Iosif Xenogiannis, MD, Research Scholar, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation®Cd34+ Cell Therapy Significantly Reduces Adverse Cardiac Events and Healthcare Expenditures in Patients with Refractory Angina
Grace Johnson, BA, Research Intern, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation® - Prevention of heart disease & stroke in women (Slides) (Recording)
Gina Lundberg, MD, FACC
Associate Professor of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
Clinical Director, Emory Women’s Heart Center
Marietta, GA - Kevin Graham Prevention Lecture: Precision cardiovascular prevention: past, present, and future (Slides) (Recording)
Philip Greenland, MD
Harry W. Dingman Professor of Cardiology and Professor of Preventive Medicine,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, IL - Aortic Case Carousel (Slides) (Recording)
Karol Mudy, MD
Cardiac Surgeon
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Case Carousel (Slides) (Recording)
Amit Sharma, MD
Cardiology Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Endovascular management of the ascending aorta – the latest in dissection treatment? (Slides) (Recording)
Christoph A. Nienaber, MD, PhD
Ltd. Consultant, RBH Cardiology/Aortic Centre
London
Consultant, Vascular Centre, Fuwai Hospital
Beijing, China
Previous Head of the Department of Cardiology
Rostock University, Germany - Innovative Advanced Practice Provider (APP) Program Delivers Enhanced Patient-centered Care (Slides) (Recording)
Tamara Langeberg, CNP
Nurse Practitioner, Cardiac Electrophysiology
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
- Pragmatic clinical research to improve patient health: Early lessons from PCORNet participation (Slides) (Recording)
Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH
Associate Director, Healthcare Delivery Innovation Center
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Cardiac sarcoidosis (Slides) (Recording)
Peter Zimbwa, MD, PhD, MSC, MRCP, DTM&H
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital - Establishment of a vasodilator protocol to wean off sodium nitroprusside at the Minneapolis Heart Institute® (Slides) (Recording)
David Miranda, MD
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical Center - Aortitis, a serious diagnosis with multiple rare etiologies (Slides) (Recording)
Nedaa Skeik, MD, FACP, FSVM, RPVI
Section Head, Vascular Medicine
Medical Director, Anticoagulation and Thrombophilia clinic
Medical Director, Vascular Lab
Medical Director, Hyperbaric Oxygen Center
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Assistant Professor of Medicine - Case Carousel – When you think you are a senior fellow… (Slides) (Recording)
David Miranda, MD
Cardiovascular Disease Fellow
Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital & Hennepin County Medical Center - Small vessel disease: Pediatric vascular pathology (Slides) (Recording)
Jason Q. Alexander, MD, FACS
Vascular Specialists of Minnesota, Minneapolis Heart Institute® at Abbott Northwestern Hospital
Associate program director, University of Minnesota vascular surgery fellowship
Co-surgical director, Minneapolis Children’s Vascular Anomalies Center
Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery, University of Minnesota
Associate Editor, Annals of Vascular Surgery
January 24, 2022
January 17, 2022
December 13, 2021
December 6, 2021
November 29, 2021
November 22, 2021
November 8, 2021
November 1, 2021
October 25, 2021
October 18, 2021
October 11, 2021
October 4, 2021
September 27, 2021
September 20, 2021
September 13, 2021
May 24, 2021
May 17, 2021
May 10, 2021
May 3, 2021
April 26, 2021
April 19, 2021
April 12, 2021
April 5, 2021
March 29, 2021
March 22, 2021
March 15, 2021
March 8, 2021
March 1, 2021
February 22, 2021
February 15, 2021
February 8, 2021
February 1, 2021
January 25, 2021
January 18, 2021
January 11, 2021
December 14, 2020
December 7, 2020
November 30, 2020
November 23, 2020
November 16, 2020
November 9, 2020
November 2, 2020
October 26, 2020
October 19, 2020
October 12, 2020
October 5, 2020
September 28, 2020
September 21, 2020
September 14, 2020
May 18, 2020
May 11, 2020
May 4, 2020
April 27, 2020
April 20, 2020
April 13, 2020
April 6, 2020
March 23, 2020
March 16, 2020
March 9, 2020
March 2, 2020
February 24, 2020
February 17, 2020
February 10, 2020
February 3, 2020
January 27, 2020
January 20, 2020
January 13, 2020
January 6, 2020
December 16, 2019
December 9, 2019
December 2, 2019
November 11, 2019
November 4, 2019
October 28, 2019
October 21, 2019
October 14, 2019
October 7, 2019
September 30, 2019
September 23, 2019
September 16, 2019
September 9, 2019
May 20, 2019
May 13, 2019
May 6, 2019
April 29, 2019
April 22, 2019
April 15, 2019
April 8, 2019
April 1, 2019
March 25, 2019
March 11, 2019
March 4, 2019
February 25, 2019
February 18, 2019
February 11, 2019
February 4, 2019
January 28, 2019
January 21, 2019
January 14, 2019
January 7, 2019
December 17, 2018
December 10, 2018
December 3, 2018
November 26, 2018
November 5, 2018
October 29, 2018
October 22, 2018
October 15, 2018
October 8, 2018
October 1, 2018
September 24, 2018
September 17, 2018
May 21, 2018
May 7, 2018
April 30, 2018
March 26, 2018
March 19, 2018
Suggest a Speaker or Topic Below
Our Sponsors
Grants
Exhibits
Alnylam
Amgen
AngioDynamics
AstraZeneca
Bristol Myers Squibb
CMP Pharma
Edwards Lifesciences
Janssen Pharmaceuticals
Janssen Pulmonary Hypertension
Kiniksa Pharmaceutical
Novartis
Pfizer, Inc
United Therapeutics
Zoll LifeVest
Who We Serve
Why We Meet
After attending this program, participants will be able to:
- Demonstrate improved awareness of emerging cardiovascular clinical care standards derived from new research
- Discuss the implications of new cardiovascular care guidelines and develop more standardized approaches to treating cardiovascular disease
- Utilize current evidence-based guidelines to improve standards of care for individuals with cardiovascular diseases
Accreditation
Interested in Sponsorship Opportunities?